In acid perms, which three elements contribute to breaking disulfide bonds?

In acid perms, which three elements contribute to breaking disulfide bonds?

• A. Heat, wrapping, glyceryl monothioglycolate
• B. Water, air, sugar
• C. Cold, sun, keratin
• D. Light, heat, ammonium hydroxide

Answer: (A)

Breaking disulfide bonds in acid perms happens when a chemical reducing agent opens those bonds, and the strands are then set in a new shape by wrapping while heat speeds the reaction. In acid perms, glyceryl monothioglycolate serves as the reducing agent that actually breaks the disulfide bonds. Heat accelerates the chemical reaction and helps the reducing agent penetrate the hair cortex, making the bonds easier to break. Wrapping the hair around rods holds the strands in the desired new arrangement so, as the bonds break and reform, the curl pattern is established. Other factors like water, air, sugar, cold, sun, keratin, light, or ammonium hydroxide don’t contribute to bond breaking in the same essential way, so they aren’t the three elements at work here.

Breaking disulfide bonds in acid perms happens when a chemical reducing agent opens those bonds, and the strands are then set in a new shape by wrapping while heat speeds the reaction. In acid perms, glyceryl monothioglycolate serves as the reducing agent that actually breaks the disulfide bonds. Heat accelerates the chemical reaction and helps the reducing agent penetrate the hair cortex, making the bonds easier to break. Wrapping the hair around rods holds the strands in the desired new arrangement so, as the bonds break and reform, the curl pattern is established. Other factors like water, air, sugar, cold, sun, keratin, light, or ammonium hydroxide don’t contribute to bond breaking in the same essential way, so they aren’t the three elements at work here.